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 Word meaning


--dog-ear: A corner of a page in a book that has been folded down, usually to mark a place in the book; To fold down the corner of a page in a book


--Initiation is a rite of passage ceremony marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. In an extended sense it can also signify a transformation in which the initiate is 'reborn' into a new role.

Examples of initiation ceremonies might include Christian baptism or confirmation, Jewish bar or bat mitzvah, acceptance into a fraternal organization, secret society or religious order, or graduation from school or recruit training.


--foul (language): including rude words and swearing


 Others


--The Raven (text)

"The Raven" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in January 1845. It is often noted for its musicality, stylized language, and supernatural atmosphere. It tells of a talking raven's mysterious visit to a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow descent into madness. The lover, often identified as being a student, is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. Sitting on a bust of Pallas, the raven seems to further instigate his distress with its constant repetition of the word "Nevermore". The poem makes use of a number of folkand classical references.

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--Nevermore

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   Nevermore 1897               Gauguin, Paul Oil on canvas

60.5 x 116 cm (23 7/8 x 45 5/8 in)  Courtauld Institute Galleries, London 

 

忘不了的畫(片斷) 
張愛玲 

有些圖畫是我永遠忘不了的,其中只有一張是名畫,果庚的《永遠不再》。一個夏威夷女人裸體躺在沙發上,靜靜所著門外的一男一女一路說著話走過去;門外的玫瑰紅的夕照裏的春天,霧一般地往上噴,有昇華的感覺,而對於這健壯的,至多不過三十來歲的女人,一切都完了。女人的臉大而粗俗,單眼皮,她一手托腮,把眼睛推上去,成了吊梢眼,也有一種橫潑的風情,在上海的小家婦女中時常可以看到的,於我們頗為熟悉。身子是木頭的金棕色。棕黑的沙發,卻畫得像古鋼,沙發套於上現出青自的小花,羅甸樣地半透明。嵌在暗銅背景裏的戶外天氣則是彩色玻璃,藍天,紅藍的樹,情侶,石欄杆上站著童話裏的稚拙的大烏。玻璃,銅,與木,三種不詞的質地似乎包括了人手扔得到的世界的全部,而這是切實助,像這女人。想必她曾經結結實實戀愛過,現在呢,"永遠不再了"。雖然她睡的是文明的沙發,枕的是檸檬黃花布的荷葉邊枕頭,這裏面有一種最原始的悲搶。不像在我們的社會裏,年紀大一點的女人,如果與情愛無緣了還要想到愛,一定要碰到無數小小的不如意,齷齪的刺惱,把自尊心弄得千瘡百孔,她這裏的卻是沒有一點渣滓的悲哀,因為明淨,是心平氣和的,那木木的棕黃臉上還帶著點不相干的微笑。仿佛有面鏡子把戶外的陽光迷離地反映到臉上來,一晃一晃。 

 


--Romanticism, a philosophical, literary, artistic and cultural era[1] which began in the mid/late-1700s[2] as a reaction against the prevailing Enlightenment ideals of the day (Romantics favoured more natural, emotional and personal artistic themes),[3][4] also influenced poetry. Inevitably, the characterization of a broad range of contemporaneous poets and poetry under the single unifying name can be viewed more as an exercise in historical compartmentalization than an attempt to capture the essence of the actual ‘movement’.

 

--Romantic poets

  1. William Wordsworth
  2. Percy Bysshe Shelley
  3. John Keats
  4. George Gordon Byron 
  5. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

 

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William Wordsworth

William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was Britain's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.

 

 


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Percy Bysshe Shelley 

Percy Bysshe Shelley (4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is critically regarded among the finest lyric poets in the English language. Shelley was famous for his association with John Keats and Lord Byron. The novelist Mary Shelley was his second wife.

He is most famous for such classic anthology verse works as OzymandiasOde to the West WindTo a Skylark, and The Masque of Anarchy, which are among the most popular and critically acclaimed poems in the English language. His major works, however, are long visionary poems which included Queen Mab (later reworked as The Daemon of the World), AlastorThe Revolt of IslamAdonaïs, and theunfinished work The Triumph of LifeThe Cenci (1819) and Prometheus Unbound (1820) were dramatic plays in five and four acts respectively. Although he has typically been figured as a "reluctant dramatist" he was passionate about the theatre, and his plays continue to be performed today.[3] He wrote the Gothic novels Zastrozzi (1810) and St. Irvyne (1811) and the short prose works "The Assassins" (1814), "The Coliseum" (1817) and "Una Favola" (1819). In 2008, he was credited as the co-author of the novel Frankenstein(1818) in a new edition by the Bodleian Library in Oxford and Random House in the U.S. entitled The Original Frankenstein edited by Charles E. Robinson.

 



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John Keats 

John Keats (October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet. Along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley, he was one of the key figures in the second generation of the Romantic movement, despite the fact that his work had been in publication for only four years before his death.[1] During his life, his poems were not generally well received by critics; however, after his death, his reputation grew to the extent that by the end of the 19th century he had become one of the most beloved of all English poets. He has had a significant influence on a diverse range of later poets and writers: Jorge Luis Borges, for instance, stated that his first encounter with Keats was the most significant literary experience of his life.[2]

The poetry of Keats is characterized by sensual imagery, most notably in the series of odes. Today his poems and letters are some of the most popular and analyzed in English literature.

 

 


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George Gordon Byron

George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, later George Gordon Noel, 6th Baron Byron, FRS (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), commonly known simply as Lord Byron, was a British poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. Amongst Byron's best-known works are the brief poems She Walks in BeautyWhen We Two Parted, and So, we'll go no more a roving, in addition to the narrative poems Childe Harold's Pilgrimage and Don Juan. He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential.

Byron was celebrated in life for aristocratic excesses including huge debts, numerous love affairs, and self-imposed exile. He was famously described by Lady Caroline Lamb as "mad, bad and dangerous to know".[1] He travelled to fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero.[2] He died from a fever contracted while in Messolonghiin Greece.

 


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Samuel Taylor Coleridge 

Samuel Taylor Coleridge /ˈkoʊlrɪdʒ/; 21 October 1772 – 25 July 1834) was an English poet, Romantic, literary critic and philosopher who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as for his major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work, especially on Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture. He coined many familiar words and phrases, including the celebrated suspension of disbelief. He was a major influence, via Emerson, on American transcendentalism.

Throughout his adult life, Coleridge suffered from crippling bouts of anxiety and depression; it has been speculated that he suffered from bipolar disorder, a mental disorder which was unknown during his life.[1] Coleridge suffered from poor health that may have stemmed from a bout of rheumatic fever and other childhood illnesses. He was treated for these concerns with laudanum, which fostered a lifelong opiumaddiction.

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